Ingot



Oct. 19 1926.

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@riginal application filled lng'ust 17, 192th Serial No. t'. Divided and this application tiled llctober d, 1924;. erial No. 74l.,527.

This invention relates broadly tb metallurgy and more especially t'o improvements intlngotsg,v e H) 'lhe present application is a division-of my prior application Serial Number 6o?,- 855 011Me'thod and apparatus for casting ingotsi filed Augustfl?, 1923, which application matured into Patent No. 11,553,849, September 15, 192.5.

lleretofore, in the art, it has been customary t0 cast top poured ingots one at a timeso that a number of ingots from a single ladle of molten metal are individually quickly cast by quickly filling the vertical chill moulds in series. rlhe time of casting a number of in ots is measured by the interval between beginning of casting and when the casting is ended.; and the time for filling each mould is therefore a unitary divisible part of, this interval, whichl isv equal to dividing the total interval of casting into a number" of individual time periods equal in number to the number vof im gots being cast. l

'ln `the molten production of steal, the charges are usually poured into ladles which will hold from fifty to one hundred tons of molten steel.

periodthat the steel in the ladle will remainV moltem'. since-it must -in any case be discharged before it freezes in the ladle.

Where a number ofingot moulds are set up for casting, as 1s common in the art, it 1s individual i'ngot is very short as compared to the total time of ladlev disch-arge; that is, when the iirst mould is lled, the filling operatign as tol that mould is completed, and the first mould has commenced to solidl rlhe length of time of "pouring from the ladle is controlled by the ify before the last ingot east from thecharge has been poured.

This rapid pouring necessarily'l fills the mould long before the mass'of metal in themould substantially freezes and` the freezing will be largely from the sides toward `the center with a relatively lar e pool of molten metal in the center of t e mould.

lThis pool, which is substantially the entire,

enrich the ,last metal to freeze, so that it contains a much larger content of metalloids than the first metal to freeze at the sides, and bottom of the ingot. lllurther-4 more, since the freezing is from the side walls inwardly, contracton'al cavities and pipes also occur in these quickly poured masses when they freeze. v

The resent invention. comprises an ingot which 1s produced by very slowly poured metal so that the freezing occurs vfrom the bottom upward and a shallow pool of molten material only is maintained in the mould as the ingot is being formed. This permits the gases to escape readily through the shallow pool and allows the shallow pool of metal to lill in any -contractional cavities Athat tend to form so that the resultant ingot is substantially sound'throughout` its length. lt is in eii'ect formed by maintaining a relatively small amount of molten steel on the upper end' of a constantly freeze ing upwardly growing .column of solid metal.

Since there is only. aY shallow pool of metal being frozen and Isince the freezing progresses rapidly relatively to the pouring the metalloids are frozen in throughout thelength of the ingot and are 'not thrown 'out in freezing as where a very large mass of hot metal is cooled as the priol` art, My prior Patent No. 1,553,849 above re-' `ferred to discloses and claims one form ofapparatus and methodforfproducing the present ingot and for the purposes of explanation here, it ma be Astated that., the

.p ingot is manufacture Vby lsl'ovly, feedingA metal in a plurality' of moulds during' the .l .t group capaci y in which the iso-crystallization zones are a plurality of cupped-shaped zones superimposed one Iupon the other throughoutthe vertical length of the ingot. Where a series of ingots are formed at one time, each ofthe series will have substantially the same corresponding iso-crystallization cupped zones, and .have substantially the sa'me chemical and physical characteristics. ln view of the foregoing, it may bestated that the principal object lof the present invention. is an ingot 'having aplurality of shallow iso-crystallization zones superimposed' one upon the other throughout the'ver- .tical length of the ingot.

Anotherobject of the present invention is an ingot ofsteel and the like comprising a substantially solid-mass of'metal having shallow iso-crystallization zones 'throughout the length thereof. I

A further object lof the present'invention` is an ingot ofsteel and the like in which the metal yat the base "of'the ingot is ofthe Icharacter of the metal first poured from the ladle andthe metal .at the top` of the` ingot is of ther character of the metal last poured from the ladle. i l

A still further obiect .of the present in- .vention is aseriesfof ingots 'comprising articles ofmanufacture with each of the serles comprising a portion of a large' mass of metal pouredA from affcommon ladle andF 1n which 'the-bases.fofsa1d ingots comprlseA metal rst pouredjfromthe ladle and the l van lngot of ferrous metal having the chartops of the vingots"l comprise .metal last poured from 'the ladle.

. Figure 1. of ah@ drawing inusmas e .longitudinal section .through an ingot in accordance with thepresent invention in which. the theoreticalz'ones of iso-crystallization are represented by curved lines showingthe form ofthe cupped-zones thrbugh substantially the center` of theiugot. i

Figure 2 is a'r sectional view through a .and the. present .application plurality of vertical ingot moulds illustrating the formation .of ingots comprising the present invention. f.

Referring now to the drawin and morel especially to Figure 2, whichi lustrates the formation of ingots comprising the present invention. Vertical ingot'moulds 1 are set on a casting stool 2 and the molten metal,A for-example molten steel, is run mto the moulds in small streams in 4any suitable way. These small streams are parts. of a char e in a ladle,l which charge is so subdivi ed that the streams 4. may continue 4 throughout substantially. the .complete ladle .full of molten metal. These streams are of such size as to slowly fill the matrix portion 5 of the moulds and permit solidification of l the Aingots to substantially follow up the filling of the mould so that the metal in the matrix of the moulds-will comprise substantially solidied portions 6 and shallow pools 7 The rate ofthe liow of the streams yIl is maintained in such manner that the solidiication Afollows, up theliilling llof the mold.

Aligurelillustrates a crgss-section through an .ingot/8 formedin accordance with the present invention andin which substantially parallel cuppedy iso-.crystallization zones are illustratedby'lines 9.'l These zones of course blend one into the other without deiinite de-v markation, but are allustrated by definite l linessas a matter-of convem'ence. :Preferably, ingots areI castslmultaneously 1n groups and in such manner thateach ingot is poured in substantially the same period of time from substantiallythe same quality of steel or. metal so thateach ingot in the series or goup will have substantially the same characteristics.

The method' and apparatus for producing the.ingot is` disclosed and claimed in my originalapplication, liled August. 17, 1923 therefore is limited. tothe ingot itself.

Having` thus described my invention, what Iclaimis:

1. .lin article` of manufacture comprising an ingotlof steel having iso-crystallization lzones comprising shallow cupped zones, with the concave portion of the cup being toward drie end of--the ingotQ-and having the metalloid content distributed .substantiall equally throughout the ingot.

2. An article of manufacture comprising acteristic of a plurality of cupped zones of iso-crystallization Ifwith fthe zones 'substantially parallel and with the said zones eX- tending transversely of the longitudinal axis of the ingot, and with the metalloids distributed' substantially equally throughout the ingot.

3. An ingot o f ferrous metal comprising an elongated mass having substantially similar cupped zones of iso-crystallization superimposed one upon the other from one end of the ingot to the other, and With the ingot comprising a solid mass of steel having substantially uniform physical sind chemical characteristics throughout.

4. An article of manufacture comprising an ingot of ferrous metal having a substantially solid interior with a. plurality of cupped zones of iso-crystallization and. the deepest portion of said cups being substantially on the vertical axis of said ingotand with the metalloid content of the ingot being substantially uniform in u transverse section of 4the ingot.

RAY G. COATES. 

